Impedance

Includes measurement, analysis, and optimisation of impedance across frequency, including input/output impedance, PDN impedance, and techniques such as shunt-through and injection methods.


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  • Learn How To Target Impedance Limitations and Rogue Wave Assessments on PDN Performance

    A common design technique for power distribution networks (PDN) is the determination of the peak distribution bus impedance that will assure that the voltage…

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  • The Quickest Path To Power Integrity

    Two things became apparent to me during our recent series of 2017 Hands-On Power Integrity Workshops. First, the majority of attendees weren’t power supply…

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  • New Semi-Floating Differential Amp Solves PDN 2-Port Shunt Thru Measurement Hurdle

    December 19, 2017, Phoenix, Arizona: Picotest.com, a leader in high resolution test and measurement equipment, has released a new solid-state Semi-Floating Amplifier (SFA), or ground…

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  • Measuring Sub-milliOhm PDN Impedance

    High-speed and portable electronics are still shrinking while power integrity demands continue to require lower power distribution network (PDN) impedance.  Measuring sub-milliOhms is difficult. …

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  • Accurately measure ceramic capacitors by extending VNA range

    Ceramic capacitors play an oversized role in circuit performance as a major contributor to voltage regulator control loop stability and power delivery network (PDN)…

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  • Power Integrity Workshop Video Series Lab 2: Two-Port Impedance Measurements

    In this second video for the Power Integrity Workshop video series, Steve Sandler shows how to make Two-Port Impedance Measurements using the Bode 100…

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  • Power Integrity Workshop Video Series Lab 1: One-Port Impedance Measurements

    In this first video for the Power Integrity Workshop video series, Steve Sandler shows how to make One-Port Impedance Measurements using the Bode 100…

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  • Introduction to NISM – Non-Invasive Stability Measurement with Steve Sandler

    In this video, Steve Sandler shows how to measure control loop stability using the Bode 100 VNA via Output Impedance. This test can be…

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  • Extended-Range Shunt-Thru Measurement with Steve Sandler

    In this video, Steve Sandler shows how to simplify one of the more complicated impedance measurements. The 2-Port shunt thru measurement is powerful and…

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  • The New Bode Analyzer Suite 3.0 (BAS 3.0) Has Been Released

    Bode Analyzer Suite 3.0 – A major step in usability The new Bode Analyzer Suite 3.0 features the following improvements: Feel free to download…

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  • 2-port Dembed with Picotest 2-Port Probe Video

    This video shows how to measure low-impedance components and voltage regulator impedance using the Bode 100 and the Picotest P2101A 2-Port Probe. Related Products…

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  • New GaN Scope Probe Improves Power Integrity

    We have released a new GaN probe. The P2000A is the Picotest general purpose high voltage GaN voltage probe with a 100:1 attenuation. Its…

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  • Picotest J2160A Probe Adapter Featured in Power Electronics Products of the Week

    August 4, 2016: Picotest has released a new probe adapter for the popular Keysight E5061B vector network analyzer. The Picotest J2160A Probe Adapterprovides a low noise, compact solution when…

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  • Fix Poor Capacitor, Inductor, and DC/DC Converter Impedance Measurements

    Measuring VRMs, PDNs (power distribution networks), capacitors, and inductors, requires measurement accuracy in the milliOhms range – whether it’s inductor DCR, VRM output impedance,…

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  • How to Design for Power Integrity: Finding Power Delivery Noise Problems

    This video provides an understanding of how the voltage regulator module (VRM) interacts with the printed circuit board planes and decoupling capacitors within a…

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  • Power Integrity Bootcamp at SPI2016 Turin, Italy- Picotest and Keysight Join Forces

    April 8, 2016: Wokshop set for 20th IEEE Conference on Signal and Power Intergrity – Turin, Italy, May 8th 14:00 – 17:30 Power integrity is…

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  • Troubleshooting Clock Jitter and Identifying PDN Sensitivities

    Power distribution network (‘PDN’) noise is one of the most common issues in low power applications. Whether you are powering ADCs, clocks, LNAs, digital…

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  • Target Impedance and Rogue Waves

    The target impedance concept has been used by the industry for a number of years. It is the basis of a simple and robust…

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  • Flat Impedance in Voltage Regulator Modules

    Today’s high speed systems require clean power under challenging conditions. Extremely fast current transients and high voltage stability require carefully designed power delivery. In…

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  • Impedance measurements stabilize op-amp buffers

    The unity-gain op amp (operational amplifier) buffer circuit is routinely used to transform high-impedance inputs into low-impedance outputs. ADC (analog-to-digital converter) voltage references are…

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  • Impedance measurements make a difference at DesignCon

    What do clock jitter, EMI, control loop stability, SPICE modeling, rogue waves and the ripeness of fruit have in common?  Do you need to…

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  • PICOTEST NEWSLETTER 1/2015

    Picotest Announces Transmission Line Probes Solve Loading/Cable & Load Step Issues Picotest’s 1 and 2 Port 50 ohm transmission line probes are now available. These…

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  • Essential 1-Port PDN PROBE: Applications Abound

    Don’t confuse the 1-port PDN probe with a 10 to 1 ratio, passive oscilloscope probe. They have little in common with a 1-port PDN…

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  • PICOTEST NEWSLETTER 11/2014

    Picotest Announces Low Cost Full Featured POWER SUPPLY 15% Educational Discount Outperforms the Keysight E3632A at half the price! The P961xA Series of programmable, single output,…

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  • Keysight E5061B VNA Gains Non-Invasive Stability Measurements

    NISM software is now available. Bringing the unique non-invasive stability test to the Keysight E5061B vector network analyzer. The software add-on, available now for…

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  • Simple trick to measure plane impedance with a VNA

    The question of time vs. frequency, as the most useful measurement domain, has long been a controversial topic. In some cases, it leads to…

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  • PDN Basics For Power Designers: Impedance Matching Is Critical. (Part three of the video series.)

    by Steve Sandler, Picotest, Phoenix, Ariz. PDN Basics For Power Designers: Impedance Matching Is Critical. (Part three of the video series.) In modern electronic…

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  • PDN Basics For Power Designers: Keep Impedance Flat. (Part two of the video series.)

    by Steve Sandler, Picotest, Phoenix, Ariz. In modern electronic systems, the performance of FPGAs, CPUs, and other high-speed logic devices depends on the power…

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  • Match impedances when making measurements

    Oscilloscope probes are handy tools for making measurements, but they have limitations. For example, they have rather limited bandwidth and that ground clip can…

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  • Improve Performance And Reduce Cost

    By carefully matching the VRM, PCB planes, and load circuits to each other and to the required impedance magnitude, a flat PDN impedance can…

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  • SPICE models need correlation to measurements

    Many SPICE models are available online that were created by IC and semiconductor manufacturers. Unfortunately, availability doesn’t necessarily equal usability. The majority of these…

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  • PCB characteristics affect PDN performance

    The basic design rules for power distribution networks (PDN) teach us that the best performance is obtained from a uniform, frequency independent (or flat)…

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  • Measure PDN on a budget

    As the use of microcontrollers, CPUs and FPGAs continues to grow, more engineers are facing challenges with their power distribution network (PDN) design. Many…

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  • Understanding Voltage Response Of An LC Circuit

    Question submitted by Ashish Roy, Havells-Sylvania, India For an undamped LC circuit excited by an AC voltage source through simple phaser equations, we come…

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  • Measure small impedances with Rogowski current probes

    You’re probably familiar with clamp on current probes, but chances are you don’t know much about the Rogowski current probe. A Rogowski coil produces…

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  • Non-Invasively Assess Your Multiple-Loop LDO’s Stability

    Some low-dropout regulators (LDOs) use multiple feedback loops to improve output voltage transient response. In many of these cases, some or all of the…

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  • Troubleshooting Distributed Power Systems: Measuring Ripple (Part 7 of the ongoing series)

    Circuit designers, particularly power supply designers, are frequently required to measure power supply ripple. Nevertheless, many engineers struggle with this measurement as sensitivity, selectivity,…

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  • PDN Basics – Paralleling Tantalum and Ceramic Capacitors Can Be Risky

    Paralleling capacitors to achieve high frequency sideband decoupling must take into account the performance characteristics of individual capacitors. 1.470 tantalum capacitor is installed in…

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  • Combination VNA/FRAs Offer More Capability And Lower Cost

    A frequency response analyzer (‘FRA’) is often used to measure gain and phase plots of control loops (Bode plots), filter responses and general frequency…

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  • PDN Issues Occur in the Simplest of Circuits

    When we think of a power distribution network (PDN), the first images that usually come to mind are FPGAs and CPUs. These circuits generally…

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